government officials involved in human trafficking 2021
Section 3 provides a list of waivers or exceptions exercised under the CSPA. Burma Page iii: Steve McCurry/Magnum Photos We need to overcome the years of institutional bias and discrimination by politicians trying to criminalize our use of bathrooms or marriages. She trains government officials regularly, sharing important experiences on working with victims at Sana Sezims human trafficking shelter. In the first seven months of the pandemic, the International Aid Transparency Initiative noted a reduction of 17 percent in bilateral donor commitments between 2019 and 2020, which included a five percent decline in ODA. Turkmenistan I then started working in escorting services through a bar where I didnt know the rates charged, didnt handle the money, and had little to no control over refusing clients who were violent or wouldnt use condoms. However, familial trafficking, which is unique and just beginning to be understood in the field, is difficult to identify because it takes place within family networks and victimizes children, many of whom are under 12 years of age, who may not realize they are victims. Building a just world, where traffickers can no longer capitalize on and abuse systemic inequities, requires addressing the underlying causes of those inequities by first acknowledging the structures of power and historical context behind unequal distribution of privilege and protection, including the governments role. Survivors might associate stay-at-home orders and self-isolation with movement restrictions and feeling there are fewer places to which to flee, which may induce or exacerbate a trauma response for some survivors. 333, to the extent that the CSPA would restrict such assistance or support. Rendi McCoy Ashley Hernandez Carla M. Bury A secure DRC is essential to attracting the foreign investment and business necessary to leverage the countrys estimated $24 trillion in mineral wealth and improve the welfare and livelihood of millions of Congolese people. If a separate room is not available, a child-friendly corner of a larger interview room can also serve as a designated section that is welcoming to children. Given constraints around physical space and financial resources, service providers and NGOs may need to develop creative ways to establish a child-friendly space. Sint Maarten Court closures at the onset of the pandemic also delayed prosecutions, contributing significantly to judicial systems backlog of cases. Iran The CSPA also prohibits the issuance of licenses for direct commercial sales of military equipment to such governments. These individuals include NGO workers, lawmakers, government officials, survivors of human trafficking, and concerned citizens. Adrienne Sgarlato Paraguay De La Rue Scholarship winner Justin Edwards plans to give back, Man shot, wounded at San Fernando workplace, Penal man, woman on $150,000 bail each on gun, ammo charges, Chaguanas chamber supports CoP in crime fight, Appeal Court reserves ruling on NWRHA employee shot at hospital, Woman sues over leaked nude photos, videos of extramarital affair, Tancoo on West's query on missing property tax info: Govt clueless. Poland Technology also can play a critical role in combating these crimes, increase law enforcements ability to identify victims and perpetrators, and help deliver financial assistance and other victim support services to victims as they work to rebuild their lives. For example, law enforcement may become inundated with false information they are required to follow up on or investigate, especially when reports relate to children, stretching already limited time and resources. The number of arrests reported for human trafficking involving involuntary servitude increased from 66 in 2015 to 146 in 2019 before declining to 92 in 2020. Renee Huffman The government reported sentencing 28 traffickers to at least one year imprisonment (30 in 2019). The Government of Nigeria should continue to make progress in combating the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers. FINTRAC disclosed this information to law enforcement to help expand or refine the scope of their cases, uncover new targets, obtain search warrants, and identify assets for seizure or forfeiture. The FGS agreed on an action plan with the United Nations in 2012 to end the recruitment and use of children by the Somali National Army (SNA). The 2021 report, which covers the period of April 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021, identified which governments around the world are meeting the minimum standards to eliminate human trafficking under . U.S. security assistance supports a more stable, democratically-governed nation through improving the capacity and governance of core national-level security institutions, creating an environment conducive to economic opportunities, responding to urgent humanitarian needs, and addressing the root causes of conflict. 333 will allow for U.S. government assistance to build the Somali militarys capacity to conduct effective, sustained counterterrorism operations against al-Shabaab and, through cooperation, help reinforce U.S. values including those related to preventing and responding to the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers. These delays decreased victims access to justice and legal assistance, which hampered victims emotional well-being, recovery, and repatriation, while allowing traffickers to continue their criminal activities and intimidate victims from pressing charges. Governments across the world diverted resources toward the pandemic, often at the expense of anti-trafficking efforts, resulting in decreased protection measures and service provision for victims, reduction of preventative efforts, and hindrances to investigations and prosecutions of traffickers. Benin Malta This pattern of fracturing families and communities has led to an unjust overrepresentation of Black individuals in other systems, like prisons, runaway and homeless youth services, and foster or institutional care, that exacerbate the social isolation and vulnerability on which traffickers prey. Further, a waiver for support provided by the Department of Defense pursuant to 10 U.S.C. Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, Div. Governments should hold all entities, including businesses, accountable for human trafficking. Ensure that benefits include mental health care for all staff members, including any survivors that are hired. Survivor leaders and their organizations were resilient and essential throughout the pandemic. Kelsey Brennan In June 2019, the Minister of Justice and Judiciary launched Somalias version of a UN advocacy and action campaign called ACT to Protect, aimed at protecting children affected by armed conflict, and the CPU established a Children Affected by Armed Conflict working group. Financial institutions are required to comply with law enforcement processes seeking to identify traffickers assets, which can be seized, forfeited, and used toward restitution for victims. Governments and other anti-trafficking organizations are already taking action to weave anti-trafficking measures into crisis responses. Congo, Republic of the In either case, a missing persons report would not be filed, and child protective services or other welfare agencies would not be notified. As part of this work, it commits to engaging with its interagency, civil society, private sector, multilateral, and survivor leader partners to better understand systemic racisms effects on the human trafficking field and to integrate racial equity more intentionally into the U.S. anti-trafficking response. Kyrgyz Republic RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE CONTINUED GROWTH IN THE INTEGRATION PROCESS, Hiring Survivors and Ensuring a Trauma-informed Work Environment, Establishing Administrative Processes for a Trauma-informed Workplace. The way survivors in leadership positions are treated should mirror the way that staff members without lived experience of human trafficking are treated, and vice versa. 10 U.S.C. Mali Peacekeeping Operations any person under 18 years of age who has been recruited or used in hostilities by armed forces distinct from the armed forces of a state. Sudan Khassanova also works closely with local police to assist victims of trafficking who choose to participate in criminal proceedings. A service provider in Colombia ensured that all trafficking victims they served had access to the internet and a smartphone to receive online counseling services and mobile vouchers for food and hygienic products. Kari A. Johnstone While technology allowed the anti-trafficking community to navigate more easily the myriad challenges caused by the pandemic, its expanded use highlighted the importance of ensuring victims access to technology and online services, as well as their safety and privacy when using technology to receive victim assistance. It was only when I decided to escape my trafficker that I realized how pronounced racial injustice was in my community, particularly against human trafficking survivors with previous arrest records. Barry L. Paschal, Public Affairs Officer: 912-652-4422 Updated November 23, 2021 Topics Asset Forfeiture Human Trafficking Immigration Human Smuggling Labor & Employment Violent Crime Component Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) USAO - Florida, Middle USAO - Georgia, Middle USAO - Georgia, Northern USAO - Georgia, Southern USAO - Texas, Southern The term forced child labor describes forced labor schemes in which traffickers compel children to work. Bolivia Page 75: Panos Pictures/Samuel Aranda William Hine-Ramsberger Between 2015 and 2020, the number of states reporting to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting Program's Human Trafficking (UCR-HT) data collection has increased from 37 to 47. These harmful practices include redlining, lending discrimination, unequal distribution of government subsidies and services, restricted entry into white collar or higher paying jobs, and intentional exclusions of certain professions from worker protections. At first, it may not be apparent that acting on this information could have any harmful consequences. Page 41: Getty/Munir Uz Zaman Kosovo as featured by Yvette Young, BreeAna Johnson, Christopher Bidorini, and Erin Williamson, There are many jurisdictions that are predominantly White yet the most being exploited, arrested and children taken into custody are women of color. Comoros 333 and has certified that the government of Yemen is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. Marshall Islands Vivian Ekey Whether the government of the country monitors immigration and emigration patterns for evidence of severe forms of trafficking in persons and whether law enforcement agencies of the country respond to any such evidence in a manner that is consistent with the vigorous investigation and prosecution of acts of such trafficking, as well as with the protection of human rights of victims and the internationally recognized human right to leave any country, including ones own, and to return to ones own country. The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and the World Food Programme (WFP) conducted consultations with staff in high-risk duty stations on the prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse during COVID-19. Philippines Likewise, in a sex trafficking case, an adult victims initial willingness to engage in commercial sex acts is not relevant where a perpetrator subsequently uses coercion to exploit the victim and cause them to continue engaging in the same acts. These dual harms raise the need for additional trainings to teach organizations how to properly incorporate survivor feedback and adopt a comprehensive, trauma-informed approach in practice. These images, however, do not capture the reality of most cases of sex and labor trafficking. Entrepreneur, Cosmotologist, Graduate from the Coalition to Abolish Slavery and Trafficking (Cast), Los Angeles, Racism has made Black trafficking survivors and other survivors of color feel invisible. Standing in solidarity with Black lives also means speaking up for the injustices plaguing Black communities that are overwhelmed with trafficking victims. The PRC initially denied all allegations, dismissing them as international interference in its domestic affairs. When a White person goes missing, you hear about it every five minutes. Maura K. McManus UNODCs partner NGOs that work on human trafficking reported that pandemic-related measures led their beneficiaries to lose income and access to food. For example, the International Military Education and Training (IMET) program funds professional military education and training for the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF) that improves their capabilities, promotes respect for human rights, improves defense resource management, civil-military cooperation, and education on gender-based violence and womens health, and enhances interoperability for U.S.-Afghan joint operations. It was clear that COVID-19 exacerbated the vulnerabilities of millions of individuals and adversely affected efforts to combat human trafficking, but little concrete information existed to confirm the trends, understand the impacts, and shape the anti-trafficking response. Human trafficking is the act of recruiting, harboring, transporting, providing or obtaining a person for compelled labor or commercial sex acts through the use of force, fraud or coercion. With continued collaboration, adaptation, and commitment to serving the needs of victims, survivors, and vulnerable populations, anti-trafficking efforts will emerge stronger in the post-pandemic era. Cameroon Additionally, the author holds a Masters degree in Intercultural Studies with Children at Risk and a Bachelors degree in Education. From forced labor in local or national public work projects, military operations, and economically important sectors, or as part of government-funded projects or missions abroad, officials use their power to exploit their nationals. Syria Service providers should examine how they can more meaningfully engage and collaborate with historically underserved populations to achieve inclusive and culturally responsive service delivery. Because of her passionforthe cause to which she has committed her life,Poole works across borders to cultivate support for combating human trafficking and protecting vulnerable communities. The 2021 CSPA List Includes Governments of the Following Countries: Afghanistan Yemen. Page 59: Picture Alliance Venezuela. The Secretary-General has institutionalized mechanisms to continue engagement and cohesion across the United Nations system, and prioritized leadership accountability relating to sexual exploitation and abuse through mandated action plans and personal certifications. Under the unparalleled leadership and direction of Khassanova, Sana Sezim continues to provide access to justice for victims of trafficking by building the organizational capacity of civil society organizations and the judicial system to combat trafficking in persons. As the United States strives to grapple with its past and increasingly root its anti-trafficking work in racial equity, it must also draw from the courage, expertise, and leadership of communities harmed by the interlocking cruelties of systemic racism and human trafficking. The criteria and procedures were designed to minimize risks to project team members and research participants by considering the best-available national and project-level information and the latest public health recommendations for COVID-19 mitigation. Nepal Amy Rustan Haslett Finally, the TVPA limits a country to one year on Tier 2 Watch List after that country received a waiver to stay on the Watch List and was subsequently downgraded to Tier 3. Since 2003, the primary reporting on the United States' anti-trafficking activities has been through the annual Attorney General's Report to Congress and Assessment of U.S. Government Activities to Combat Human Trafficking ("AG Report") mandated by section 105 of the TVPA ( 22 U.S.C. 3. It is through collaboration and collective understanding of both the nuances of our profoundly changed world and the needs of those affected most by the compounding effects of both human trafficking and the COVID-19 pandemic that a path forward emerges. In 2021, the roll out of the module in Field Operations has started. Embassy: Million$ spent to combat human trafficking in region in 2022 The crime of sex trafficking can also be understood through the acts, means, and purpose framework. Successful counter-measures often require anti-trafficking actors to build upon existing crisis frameworks and promising practices to include anti-trafficking responses that are trauma-informed and victim-centered. NATO Human Trafficking Policy (2004) to be up-dated in 2021. After three weeks of work, she was only paid US $23, far below the promised salary. This proposal was approved by the committee with funding. In addition, IOM developed free, publicly available tools, such as its online course, Countering Human Trafficking in Humanitarian Settings and its publication, Counter-Trafficking in Emergencies: Information Management Guide, to encourage humanitarians, government staff, anti-trafficking experts, and others to integrate anti-trafficking into their response work routinely. Page 9: Picture Alliance I look forward to the work ahead, knowing there is much still to accomplish, and we will be more successful when we work together to achieve the goals of combating human trafficking and creating a more fair, equitable world. Qatar remains a difficult place for many migrant workers, and forced labor remains a serious concern in the country. Judges admitted virtual victim testimony via livestream in a separate room to allow victims to feel safer and prevent the potential spread of COVID-19. Human trafficking can take place even if the victim initially consented to providing labor, services, or commercial sex acts. Moldova As of April 5, $3,821,000 worth of EDA equipment was transferred to Afghanistan. Some perpetrators use these types of conditions as part of their coercive schemes to compel the labor of domestic workers with little risk of detection. Israel Peacekeeping Operations The UAE has played a role in a major Interpol operation to tackle human trafficking around the world, leading to hundreds of arrests. The number of incidents of child soldier recruitment and use continue to decline, according to data from an international organization in 2019. Every country, including the United States, can do more. For example, Winrock Internationals How to Build Cross-Sectoral Collaboration to Protect Workers in the Age of COVID-19, seeks to initiate cross-sector collaboration and provide guidance for the private sector and anti-trafficking organizations to address increased vulnerability to human trafficking, particularly forced labor, for job seekers, migrant workers, and individuals from vulnerable communities. Following community-level engagement by UNICEF, the use ended. As of April 5, IMET funding was obligated for the following activity: military professionalization training. They are recognized for their tireless efforts despite some working in challenging environments where human trafficking concerns remain pervasive and facing resistance, opposition, or threats to their lives to protect victims, punish offenders, and mitigate the underlying factors that cause vulnerabilities traffickers often target. This is not a new truth, but it is a somber, unacceptable reality. Governments should protect and serve their citizensnot terrorize and subjugate them for profit. The waiver for IMET assistance will support the professionalization of the Somali military. Eventually, their employer was arrested and convicted of human trafficking. International organizations conducted and produced most of the initial comprehensive assessments of the impact of COVID-19 on anti-trafficking efforts and highlighted areas in which to adapt policy approaches and target resources. Countries in the 2021 TIP Report that are not Party to the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking In Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, Bhutan Authorities have detected the use of third-party payment processors (TPPPs) by traffickers and their facilitators to wire funds, which gives the appearance that the TPPP is the originator or beneficiary of the wire transfer and conceals the true originator or beneficiary. Brianna Gildner As seen in most fields during the pandemic, technology has become a powerful means to connect people and collect information, while limiting individuals exposure to the virus. Governments can enhance efforts to reduce disparities that widened during the pandemicwhich also contributed to trafficking risks and emboldened traffickersby formulating policies and programs that meet the needs of underserved communities. By Mark P. Lagon and. The GOA is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. Always discerning the needs of the moment,Pooleadapts to meet new challenges. As of April 5, IMET funding was obligated for the following activity: military professionalization training. Belarus In these cases, the trafficker may begin grooming the victim at an early age, using their close proximity to take advantage of the childs developmental stage and inability to verbally express concerns or safety issues. Kazakhstan While human trafficking actors and organizations typically generate illicit proceeds in cash or through the traditional financial system, they sometimes use cryptocurrency. In 2019, official development assistance (ODA) made up one-tenth of external financial flows to developing countries, according to the OECD, which further predicted a decline of up to 8 percent in 2020 due to the impacts of COVID-19 on economies. Security sector assistance to Libya, while nascent, is used exclusively to tackle the underlying causes of the Libyan conflict and shape Libyas security institutions in a positive direction. Sagbo Sasse was also a crucial member of Gabons anti-trafficking inter-ministerial committee and remains the countrys foremost leader on this issue. The Government of South Sudan is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. The United States is expected on Monday to announce steps to tackle human trafficking and smuggling in Guatemala, a senior U.S. official said, as Vice President Kamala Harris visits the region to . According to the joint survey by OSCE and UN Women, only 24 percent of the 385 anti-trafficking organizations that responded to the survey could remain fully operational during the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic is a health crisis with unprecedented repercussions for human rights and economic development globally, including in human trafficking. While kicking a ball in an abandoned field outside of Marib, Yemen, Houthi rebels came charging for the boys. In turn, this training would support our efforts to prevent recruitment of child soldiers. Low-wage and migrant workers and those in the informal economy faced riskier employment conditions, including restricted movement, minimal oversight mechanisms, withheld wages, and increasing debtsall indicators or flags for human trafficking. February 1, 2016. there is a failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat severe forms of trafficking in persons from the previous year, including increased investigations, prosecutions, and convictions of trafficking crimes, increased assistance to victims, and decreasing evidence of complicity in severe forms of trafficking by government officials. When the family member is the trafficker, the exploitation is often normalized and accepted within the family culture, sometimes spanning generations. Excess Defense Articles (EDA) $3,821,000 What happens in a private residence is hidden from the worldincluding from law enforcement and labor inspectorsresulting in barriers to victim identification. Norway For foreign national trafficking victims, closed borders meant repatriation remained a key challenge, resulting in service providers supporting victims for longer periods with dwindling resources. The author has a range of expertise related to human trafficking, marginalized communities, trauma recovery, education, mental health care, and survivor leadership. Iran Julia F. Anderson Subject Matter Expert with Lived Experience of Human Trafficking. Namibia When false or misleading rumors about human trafficking quickly spread online and through social media, concerned individuals may want to take action because they genuinely believe the information. 3. The steps include continuing to support during the reporting period the UN Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) Action Plan to end use and recruitment of child soldiers. Special thanks to Daniel Kim, Lamya Shawki El-Shacke, and the creative services team at Global Publishing Solutions. Micronesia We salute the survivor leadersthose with lived experience of human traffickingwho have demonstrated resilience and reaffirm that employing trauma- and survivor-informed approaches is essential, crisis or not. In October 2019, at least two children (under the age of 15) were recruited and used in supporting roles at a remote checkpoint in Northeast Nigeria. While the racial dimensions of human trafficking manifest in different ways in each country, human trafficking still mirrorsand thrives because ofwidespread inequities between racial groups. Likewise, law enforcement should address biases to improve identification and protection efforts for victims from marginalized communities while preventing re-traumatization. Page 38: Panos/ Williams Daniels Section 4. We must break this inhumane cycle of discrimination and injustices if we hope to one day eliminate human trafficking. Continuing to bolster Afghan military capability and professionalization through military education and training of Afghan security forces will contribute to a climate that is more favorable for achieving a political settlement and implementing its outcomes. the estimated number of victims of severe forms of trafficking is very significant or is significantly increasing and the country is not taking proportional concrete actions; or. Overall, the intensified impact on the mental health and physical well-being of trafficking victims and survivors from long-term isolation, reduced access to services, and general COVID-related risks reaffirms the need for comprehensive, trauma- and survivor-informed, and victim-centered anti-trafficking responses during the pandemic. Belize During the pandemic, APRAMP also created intervention guides that set the standard for recent government guidelines for serving victims of trafficking. The PRC governments Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (Bingtuan), an economic and paramilitary organization with administrative control over several areas in the region comprising nearly three million personnel, forces members of prison populations and local communities alike to work in hazardous mining, construction, manufacturing, food processing, andfor many thousands of Uyghur adults and childrencotton harvesting. This carefully calibrated support would be provided to the Yemen Border Guard, Yemen Coast Guard, and Yemen Special Operations Forces units not directly engaged in the current conflict, but rather involved in efforts against malign third party influences contributing to the on-going conflict and crisis. The chattel slavery system relied on the separation of family units during auctions and trading of enslaved people. Harmful misperceptions about where and how familial trafficking happens, such as the belief that familial trafficking only occurs within neighborhoods, communities, or countries of low socioeconomic status, contributes to challenges to prosecution, prevention, and protection efforts. From 2000 to 2020, SIFOS helped identify 578 child trafficking victims and reintegrate 9,039 children into local society. If looking for more information on survivor-informed best practices, please see NHTTACs Survivor-Informed Practice: Definition, Best Practices, and Recommendations. In the long term, private-sector collaboration should aim to improve the ability of companies to withstand shocks from crises that could leave portions of their workforce vulnerable to trafficking. In February 2021, Bemaka-Soui spearheaded and oversaw the launch of the governments first radio campaign to raise awareness about human trafficking in the local language of Sango, thereby allowing the government to reach key communities. Guillermina Cabrera Figueroa is the specialized prosecutor for human trafficking for the State of Mexico. Stay-at-home orders and travel restrictions made it more difficult for front-line officials to protect individuals through proper identification and screening techniques, leaving officials to rely on victims to self-identify during the pandemic, which already occurs rarely. Families may require children to find work due to lost income, government and NGO protection services may be reduced, and children might not be attending school where they have access to trusted adults. Angola Despite the attention towards and growth in understanding of a survivor-informed approach, gaps arose in how different agencies and organizations in various settings applied it. Traffickers targeted families experiencing financial difficulties and offered false promises and fraudulent job offers to recruit their children, while other families exploited or sold their children to traffickers to financially support themselves. It restricted where and how enslaved people could gather or socialize to weaken communal bonds to avoid a unified rebellion for freedom. iv. 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